 In this Article by Sukhvinder Sohpal, the reasoning behind the use of the artificial sweetner Aspartame will be considered.
The Debate Over
Aspartame.
Science has played a
God-like role in the production of new types of foods, for over 50years now.
However, in this era of ‘revolutionary’ foods and quirky diets, from
GM tomatoes to artificial sweeteners there seems to be a growing acknowledgement
that not all these advances may have been beneficial for our health. (1)
There are so many
‘additives’ on the market now; it’s near impossible for the average person
to keep up-to-date with discussions about them, even if they wanted to.
The consensus is - if anything is on the supermarket shelf - it must be
safe, right?
After many years of
arguments and counter arguments, the scientific community - and people at large
- now have enough information to review these advances and their impact on human
health.
Therefore, the question
must be openly asked, what impact have these ‘new foods’ had on human
health?
In this article the debate
over Aspartame will be looked at. This
is an ever-growing issue, when you consider that Aspartame is an additive to
most of children’s soft drinks, a plethora of foods and other products,
including the sweetener itself that many people use instead of sugar.
Lets ask, from a
‘scientific’ point of view, what effect has artificially sweetening our food
‘had on human health, using ‘aspartame’ as an example?
What is Aspartame?
Aspartame is said to be a
chemical compound made up of three components.
These components are methanol, aspartic acid and phenylalanine or;
aspartylphenylalanine-methyl-ester (2, 3).
Science tells us that these
individual chemicals are quite hazardous. Methanol is said to be poisonous;
“Methanol
(methyl alcohol or wood alcohol) is a colourless, poisonous, and flammable
liquid. It is used for making formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl t-butyl ether (a
gasoline additive), paint strippers, carburettor cleaners for your car's engine,
and chloromethanes, et al. This poison can be inhaled from vapours, absorbed
through the skin, and ingested. Methanol
is the type of alcohol you read about when people become blind from drinking
it.” (2)
Methanol is made worse by
the way it is said to break down in the body - into two more toxic substances - Formic Acid
and Formaldehyde;
“…formaldehyde
formation from aspartame ingestion is very common and does indeed accumulate
within the cell, reacting with cellular proteins (mostly enzymes) and DNA (both
mitochondrial and nuclear). The fact that it accumulates with each dose,
indicates grave consequences among those who consume diet drinks and foodstuffs
on a daily basis." (4).
Phenylalanine is said to be
an amino acid which some say makes it relatively harmless. (5).
This may be so, however scientists suggest that an increase of this in
the body for - in particular - Pregnant and lactating mothers may harm an unborn
child;
“The effect of such an increased foetal brain
concentrations in vivo [of Phenylalanine] would probably be much more subtle and
expressed as mental retardation, microcephaly, or potential certain birth
defects.” (6).
To further complicate the
issue, phenylalanine is said to be severely toxic to a significant part of our
society. A condition called Phenylketonuria
or PKU is said to effect around 1 in every 14,000 (33), however figures vary
widely from country to country, where it is suggested that PKU may effect as
many as 1 in 5-6,000 births. (7).
“The condition is due to a missing enzyme that
metabolizes an amino acid called phenylalanine which the body requires in order
to function normally. Because individuals with PKU lack this enzyme, there is an
accumulation of phenylalanine in blood and a related substance in urine; this is
the condition of PKU…if it is not treated, the high phenylalanine levels can
cause mental retardation. (7).
Mental retardation in
children really is severe, so severe that the US is said to test every child at
birth for PKU, indicating surely that Aspartame poses a high risk to a sizable
percentage, particularly pregnant mothers.
The
final ingredient of Aspartame is Aspartic Acid;
“The
Aspartic acid, in aspartame, is also an excitotoxin. An excitotoxin, is a
deleterious substance that excites or over-stimulates nerve cells. This occurs
in the brain, as well as the peripheral nerves, because aspartic acid, in free
form, is an absorption accelerant & easily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
This
pathological excitation of nerve cells creates a breakdown of nerve function…
that can cause special neurons within the nervous system to become overexcited
to the point that these cells will die.” (2)
Further,
Aspartame is said to break down into diketopiperazine, or DKP (8), where studies
have shown that DKP may produce tumours in the brain! (9), and has been
implicated as a cause of uterine polyps
and changes in blood cholesterol (3).
Therefore Aspartame breaks
down into 4 potentially lethal substances in the body. (10).
None
of the main compounds of Aspartame fill you with joy, particularly considering
that the U.S. Pentagon once listed Aspartame in an inventory of prospective biochemical-warfare
weapons submitted to Congress – and
it was known to erode intelligence and affect short-term memory! (11).
So
how did this ‘carcinogen’ ever make it to the market as a low calorie
sweetener?
Where did it come from?
What’s its history?
The American company to
first market this sweetener ‘G.D. Searle & Company’ created Aspartame in
1966 – apparently by accident - while designing a drug for ulcers. (12).
It became a viable ‘artificial sweetener’ during 1969 and became
marketed as Aspartame soon after that. It
went on to be "approved" by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
in 1974 as a "food additive” (13), and given the ‘all clear’ for soft
drinks in 1982-3. (14).
Bearing in mind what
‘science’ has just told us about Aspartame, how did it get approved?
As will be seen, the steps taken to approve Aspartame were not straight
forward or devoid of controversy, far from it in fact!
Soon after being approved
in 1974, various people raised their objections to the (FDA), noting studies
that had shown that Aspartame might cause brain tumours!
“…evidence
of brain lesions and neuroendocrine disorders in animal studies and concerns the
substance may cause brain damage and mental retardation in humans. They also
requested a hearing on the safety of aspartame.” (8).
It was shown that the
testing of Aspartame by the Searle Company was ‘faulty and fraudulent’
between 1967-1975, and that this tampering with test results was being treated
as ‘illegal criminal activity’, including criminal Fraud. (13).
The FDA uncovered many
problems with the way Searle conducted its experiments on the toxicity of
Aspartame, accusing them of blatantly lying about the test results and even
removing tumours that developed during experiments on animals, to disguise the
lethal nature of Aspartame, and ultimately misleading the FDA. (2,14).
So serious were the findings that an FDA task force was set up to
investigate the allegations further.
From here onwards the
Searle Company took a turn for the worst, and it seemed that Aspartame was being
defeated. However, in 1977, a
‘Donald Rumsfeld’ was employed by the Searle Company, and became the
President of Searle. (13).
This was by no means a
chance appointment by Searle. Many
know D. Rumsfeld as the Secretary of US Defence, who is known for his contacts
in many arenas from media to top level Government. He is regarded as a very influential man who stops at nothing
to reach his goals! (15).
In 1977 the allegations
against Searle were so severe that the FDA Chief Counsel recommended to a U.S.
Attorney Samuel Skinner that:
“G.D. Searle (Company producing Aspartame) should
face a Grand Jury "to identify more particularly the nature of the
violations, and to identify all those responsible." (13).
“…and for concealing material facts and making
false statements in reports of animal studies conducted to establish the safety
of the drug Aldactone and the food additive Aspartame." (14).
This seemed to be the final
blow for Aspartame. However, after a meeting with Searle and several of its
board members, U.S. Attorney Samuel Skinner released a private memo detailing
his intentions to join the Searle’s Company Law firm!
Instead of investigating
the Fraud and other allegations against Searle he eventually withdrew from the
case altogether! (14).
Even the next U.S. Attorney
found it better to join Searle than to fully bring them to task over their
flawed experiments. (2). The same
pattern can be found from here on, where lead investigators either retired or
sold out to better, higher paying jobs either with Searle or within the ‘Soft
drinks’ industry.
However in 1980, amidst
these shady affairs, the Public Board of Inquiry (finally set up 4 years after
it was demanded)
“…voted unanimously to reject the use of
aspartame until additional studies on aspartame's potential to cause brain
tumours could be done.” (14).
This should have been the
final blow, however, the day after President Ronald Reagan took office, Searle
once again applied for approval of Aspartame.
Ronald immediately appointed an Arthur Hull Hayes Jr, as FDA Commissioner
in 1981, who miraculously managed to see through the approval of Aspartame for
use in soft drinks and children’s vitamins in 1982-3! (14, 2).
Not only was Aspartame
approved – against FDA scientist’s advice, but also the recommended daily
dose was more than doubled! Arthur
Hull Hayes, Jr. left shortly after the approval of Aspartame and became a highly
paid consultant for a G.D. Searle's public relations firm.
(13, 2, 14).
From here on Aspartame was
transformed in the public eye into a harmless sweetener, and it seems that every
possible action the FDA could have taken to out law this poison was diverted or
miss-handled.
G.D. Searle is now owned by
Monsanto, the controversial GM Giant, (16), who split the company into two
creating Merisant, which owns the brands Equal and Canderel, and NutraSweet,
which is owned by J. W. Childs Equity Partners, an investment firm in Boston.
(17).
As far as the
investigations and experiments were concerned it was obvious that Aspartame
should never have been approved. The
many side effects make this chemical very toxic for human consumption, and the
science backs this up fully.
So, what effect does
Aspartame have on the human body? Is
Aspartame as safe, as the FDA now suggests it is?
Is Aspartame safe?
According
to the ‘Aspartame Information Service’ it is;
“Aspartame, safety-tested in over 200 studies and
reviewed as safe by more than 100 countries, is a low calorie sweetener. It is
made from two building blocks of protein just like those found naturally in many
everyday foods such as meat, fish, cheese, eggs and milk. Aspartame is digested
by the body in exactly the same way as these other protein foods and so does not
bring anything new to the diet.” (5)
However, early studies into
Aspartame paint a different picture. Studies
initially carried out by a phenylalanine toxicologist Dr. Harry Waisman, into
the effects of Aspartame on primates resulted in 5 having ‘grand mal’
seizures and one actually dieing! The
study commissioned as far back as 1970, saw the experiment halted in 1971, with
the ‘unexpected’ death of Dr. Waisman! (14).
A later study carried out
by Neuroscientist and researcher John W. Olney found that
“…oral intake of glutamate, aspartate and
cysteine, all excitotoxic amino acids, cause brain damage in mice (Olney
1970).” (14).
And in other studies
similar findings are reported;
“Excitotoxic compounds like MSG, aspartate,
cysteine seem to create hypothalamic lesions, particularly in young animals. The
reason for the latter is likely the fact that the blood brain barrier closes
most slowly (if ever completely) around structures like hypothalamus. The
outcome for such animals (rats) was obesity, severe behavioural changes, etc.”
(2)
This pattern has been
mirrored by recent experiments into Aspartame and as recently as July 2005 (17)
an Italian research team released details of a seven-year study into rats that
showed conclusively that Aspartame is a carcinogen. The study showed that
Aspartame was responsible for causing cancer in rats, and that this indicated
the same is most likely true for humans.
Brain cancer, PKU, DKP,
mental retardation - If that’s not enough to raise serious questions about the
safety of Aspartame (35), what are its known side effects?
“There are 92 documented symptoms of aspartame,
from coma to death. The majority of them are all neurological, because the
aspartame destroys the
nervous system.” (18).
These
92 symptoms include; headaches/migraines, dizziness, seizures, nausea, numbness,
muscle spasms, weight gain, rashes, depression, fatigue, irritability,
tachycardia, insomnia, vision problems, hearing loss, heart palpitations,
breathing difficulties, anxiety attacks, slurred speech, loss of taste,
tinnitus, vertigo, memory loss, and joint pain. (19)
Did you notice weight gain
in the list above? Children in the
UK consume ever more fizzy pop cocktails laced with ‘low sugar’ promises,
which private corporations get away with doing at continually increasing profit
margins. However, certain important
side effects of Aspartame bring into question its claim to ‘help weight
loss’. Studies have shown that
Aspartame could have the opposite effect to loosing weight;
“One of the earliest observations seen in animals
exposed to large doses [Aspartame] was gross obesity. Some neuroscientists have
voiced concern that America's explosion of childhood obesity may be related to
excitotoxins in food.” (2)
This has been further
supported by a study that claims to link diet soda
with Weight gain, stating that;
“…when we looked at people only drinking diet
soft drinks, their risk of obesity was even higher. (20)
Its very worrying that even
though, the study above is quick to suggest that ‘diet sodas do not cause
obesity’, that the link to obesity has been made, prompting questions over
Aspartame products as ‘diet aids’. Why
haven’t people been told about the conflicting data about Aspartame?
So Aspartame is potentially
leading to a generation of retarded children who are obese, with potentially
higher risks of brain cancer! If
that’s not already the case, who is measuring this potential public health
disaster, and if this is so toxic, what else is it now being linked to?
Aspartame
and Diabetes.
A strong case is being made
to link Aspartame to diabetes (21). According
to H.J.Roberts (18), Aspartame is a major factor in the causation of clinical
diabetes. He states that;
“…many patients in my practice, and others seen
in consultation, developed serious metabolic, neurologic and other complications
that could be specifically attributed to using aspartame products. This was
evidenced by the loss of diabetic control, the intensification of hypoglycemia,
the occurrence of presumed 'insulin reactions' (including convulsions) that
proved to be aspartame reactions, and the precipitation, aggravation or
simulation of diabetic complications (especially impaired vision and neuropathy)
while using these products.” (18).
This should concern
everyone, especially now when many diabetics are actually recommended Aspartame
products to help blood sugar control!
Who is measuring the
incidence of new cases of diabetes and are they checking for consumption of
Aspartame? The incidence of
diabetes is forever on the rise, could Aspartame be adding to the numbers?
Why aren’t we being warned about this possible link to diabetes?
It has already been shown that there is a real risk of diabetes from
fluoridated water (34), possibly leading to a generation(s) of ill people, and
here we find that Aspartame is also linked to diabetes!
Taking into account that children and people ‘over weight’ are most
likely to consume Aspartame - in a never-ending battle to ‘be healthy’ -
shouldn’t they be alerted to the possible links to long-term illness, even
death!
The list goes on, other
known Aspartame side effects include Fibromalagia and Multiple Sclerosis (21),
merely adding to the woes from this sweet toxin.
These are the major public
health issues that continue to plague the average citizen in the UK, and the
rest of the world. Trust is given
to institutions to deliver honest health information that is proven to benefit
humanity, with NO risk to health, or as little as possible, however, what we
have seen so far about Aspartame clearly does not benefit humanity! And the
claims of its safety; something must be serious when even the US military sound
a warning to pilots not to drink ‘aspartame’!
“In
May of 1992, the U.S. Air Force warned all pilots against aspartame in the
journal Flying Safety. The Air Force warned that pilots could suffer
sudden memory loss, dizziness, and gradual loss of vision. The Navy followed
suit in its journal Navy Physiology” (22).
Solutions
It is said that the
consumer is all-powerful, and when they exercise this power, they do so with
their feet. Now you are armed with
the knowledge that Aspartame is potentially hazardous, use your feet and reject
Aspartame - there are alternatives.
Use Alternatives.
The idea of taking an
alternative to sugar is not a ‘modern’ idea as people may assume.
Substitutes for sugar have been practiced for thousands of years, and
have always used ‘natural’ produce such as Stevia;
“Stevia is extracted from a South American herb
that is 100 to 400 times sweeter than conventional white sugar… is
calorie-free, doesn't upset blood sugar and can actually assist in regulating
blood-sugar levels.” [Other alternatives include date sugar and agave nectar].
(23).
“The powder of the leaf has been used for
hundreds of years as an alternative sweetener. It is used widely in Japan with
no adverse effects. Scientists involved in reviewing stevia have declared it to
be safe for human consumption - something which has been well known in many
parts of the world where it is not banned.” (19)
It’s interesting to find
that in 1991 the FDA banned the importation of stevia! (19)
Caution must be exercised
when choosing an alternative, as even Splenda is being identified as potentially
unsafe (32)
After well-funded
pro-campaigns for Aspartame, with links to big media, government and
pharmaceuticals, its no wonder the majority of the people are clueless about
alternatives, there needs to be a re-balance of knowledge.
Start a debate.
One way to raise people’s
general knowledge about something is to have a debate.
This would allow every
individual to view the information ‘for’ and ‘against’ a problem,
leading to an increased ability to make an informed choice either way. This
should lead to the ‘silent majority’ becoming correctly informed about what
dangers may be hidden in spin and corporate interests, and if any suspected
dangers are backed up scientifically, this ‘silent majority can ultimately
decide.
Since there is a serious
lack of public awareness about Aspartame it is time for each and everyone to
stand and be counted by encouraging this spirit of debate.
Take
lead from examples such as Roger Williams, a Member of Parliament who started a
debate on Aspartame to try and redress this imbalance of knowledge;
“…using
the immunity he was afforded under parliamentary privilege to initiate a debate
about aspartame's safety which had been largely repressed since the early 1980s,
with the help of the sweetener industry's lawyers.” (24)
He went on further to
comment that;
“…history of aspartame's licensing put
"regulators and politicians to shame", with the likes of Donald
Rumsfeld, the US defence secretary and former head of Searle, the company that
discovered the sweetener, "calling in his markers" to get it
approved.” (24)
Roger
used his voice to call for a ban on aspartame in Britain stating “ emergency
action” was needed to make this possible.
You can lobby your local MP
too. Alert them to the dangers of
Aspartame, take them a copy of one of the many articles available now, fully
backed with sound scientific studies. Your
local MP would be happy to work for you, to protect you from Aspartame, Fluoride
and other known health hazards that are being exposed.
It does work, but can only
be effective in numbers. One recent
case study has seen Aspartame nearly banned for good in New Mexico, where it is
being potentially identified as a ‘public health emergency’ (25).
Use Multi-media.
When designing a debate or
when trying to bring people up-to-speed about an issue, use all available tools
to make this easier. However this is not always possible, as the point so far,
is there is a lack of information on many subjects. Fortunately, that’s not the case for Aspartame.
An excellent documentary has been produced that local authorities should
purchase and use in a public health campaigns about Aspartame.
Sound and Fury T.V. have
produced “Sweet Misery” and it is littered with information that everyone
should be aware of. (26).
Set up Studies.
Some how it is assumed that
when ‘society’ ponders a problem, the elite in the country take action,
within Universities, labs and centres of research, to find a solution, working
together for a common cause. This
no longer seems to be the case. How
difficult can it be for 20 Universities to do long term studies into the effects
of Aspartame? Have these studies
double checked by all stakeholders for bias and other interfering factors, and
then reach a conclusion one way or another.
Its clear that funds need
to be made available for independent groups to take charge of investigating
known ‘unbiased knowledge’ about key products that may be of concern.
At present that is the role
supposedly played by Food Standards Agency (FSA). (27).
“The (FSA) Agency does not
provide research grants, but contracts research groups to address specific
questions aimed at producing the background evidence on which it can base its
policies.” (27)
The FSA claim to look into
toxicity of chemicals in food and slimming foods, raising alarming questions as
to its recent ‘approval’ of Aspartame;
“The Committee concluded – on the basis of its
review of all the data available to date – that there is no need to revise its
earlier risk assessment, which concluded that aspartame is safe.” (28)
What can be done if the
institution set up to protect us maintains Aspartame is safe?
Are the scientists making up the links this article has reviewed?
This is fuelling talks of ‘pay offs’ and industries turning a blind
eye to this inevitable public health disaster.
Could it be liability that’s holding back the expose on Aspartame?
Perhaps
there needs to be an independent inquiry to review the steps taken to approve
Aspartame, and perhaps a partner investigation with the Houses of Commons
Library, (29) the Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health (CPPIH)
(30), who can work together to really make sure that the key issues both the
public and science agree on are included in the debate.
Independent funds should also be granted to not only research Aspartame
but also to ‘market’ the findings to the public, true public health style.
Detox
clinics.
Whilst the debate over who
funds campaigns to alert parents of the dangers of Aspartame go on, detox plans
are being created to try and deal with the many cases that are already emerging
and the potential larger fall out. (31). This
alone should be an alarm bell to all true public health leaders around the
world, Aspartame is simply not safe.
The Author
is the Director of Healthy Awareness Ltd, and is a Free Lance Researcher,
Project Manager and Specialist Health Speaker. He has also been appointed Forum
Member for the Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health, and will
join the Wolverhampton Primary Care Trust Health Forums.
Sukhvinder Sohpal. B.Sc (Hons).
IIHHT can be contacted on:
sssohpal1@yahoo.co.uk
References
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Combining food additives may be harmful, say researchers.
Wednesday
December 21, 2005. F Lawrence, consumer affairs correspondent The Guardian.
http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/news/0,8363,1671820,00.html
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Organisation. http://www.wnho.net/history_of_aspartame.htm
3. Aspartame: What You
Don't Know Can Hurt You. Dr. J. Mercola http://www.mercola.com/article/aspartame/dangers.htm
4. Scientific Abuse in
Methanol / Formaldehyde Research Related to Aspartame.
http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html#discussion
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6. Pregnancy, lactating
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of Paediatrics http://aspartametruth.com/mothers.html
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8.
Aspartame Is
Poison, You Are Being Lied To. ed
by Russ Kick. http://befreetech.com/aspartame.htm
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Diketopiperazine (DKP) http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame2/aspart.p9a
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321 Recipes http://www.321recipes.com/symptoms.html
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Aspartame -- History of Fraud and Deception
http://www.mercola.com/article/aspartame/fraud.htm
14. Aspartame (NutraSweet)
Toxicity Information Centre: History of Aspartame http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/aspart.p8
http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/
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Project for the New American Century. http://www.newamericancentury.org/
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The Lowdown on Sweet? 12/02/2006 By Melanie Warner.
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Aspartame Sugar Free Warnings
http://www.antibiotic-alternatives.com/aspartame_warnings.htm
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More Diet Soda, Gain More Weight? http://www.webmd.com/content/Article/107/108476.htm
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Sweet talk: natural sugar alternatives – food.
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24. MP calls for ban on
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/food/Story/0,2763,1667734,00.html
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Declare Aspartame Emergency. S. Fox 2-12-6
http://www.rense.com/general69/asppe.htm
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Fury T.V. http://www.soundandfury.tv/pages/sweet%20misery3.html
Aspartame Kills, Sweet
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G18. General Series. Revised February 2005. House of Commons
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Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health.
http://www.cppih.org/
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Detoxification Program
http://www.sweetpoison.com/aspartame-detox.html
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The Truth about Splenda: http://blpublications.com/html/splendatruth.html
33. Quick
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34.The Debate Over
Fluoride. S. Sohpal, 2006. http://www.cognoscence.net/dev/index.php?session=0&action=read&click=open&article=1138955752
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